Renal tubular disorders are conditions that affect the kidney tubules, which play a crucial role in reabsorbing water, electrolytes, and nutrients, and in maintaining acid–base balance. These disorders may be genetic or acquired and can result in abnormal urine composition, electrolyte imbalances, or impaired kidney function. Common examples include renal tubular acidosis (RTA), Fanconi syndrome, Bartter syndrome, and Gitelman syndrome. Symptoms may range from dehydration, muscle weakness, and growth disturbances in children, to kidney stones and metabolic acidosis in adults. Diagnosis is based on blood and urine tests, while treatment focuses on correcting electrolyte imbalances and managing underlying causes.