Gastritis

Atrophic Gastritis

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic condition where the stomach lining thins and loses its glandular cells.
It often results from long-term inflammation, autoimmune disorders, or H. pylori infection.
Symptoms may include indigestion, bloating, nausea, and vitamin deficiencies, particularly B12.
If untreated, it can increase the risk of gastric ulcers and stomach cancer.
Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, vitamin supplementation, and medications to reduce acid and protect the stomach lining.

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Menetrier’s Disease (Giant Hypertrophic Gastritis)

Menetrier’s Disease is a rare form of hypertrophic gastritis characterized by massive enlargement of the stomach folds.
It leads to excessive mucus production, reduced acid secretion, and protein loss from the stomach.
Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and edema.
The exact cause is not fully understood but may involve genetic factors or infections.
Treatment focuses on symptom management, nutritional support, medications to reduce stomach growth, and in severe cases, surgery.

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Hypertrophic Gastritis

Hypertrophic gastritis is a rare condition characterized by thickening of the stomach lining and enlargement of gastric folds.
It can be caused by chronic inflammation, infection, or genetic factors.
Symptoms include persistent stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and poor digestion.
Complications may include malabsorption of nutrients and an increased risk of gastric cancer.
Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, dietary modifications, and medications to reduce stomach acid.

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Erosive Gastritis

Erosive gastritis is a condition where the stomach lining becomes inflamed and develops small erosions or ulcers.
It is often caused by prolonged use of NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, or bile reflux.
Symptoms include upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding.
Diagnosis is usually confirmed through endoscopy.
Treatment involves removing the cause, acid-suppressing medications, and sometimes protective agents for the stomach lining.

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Type C – Chemical (Reflux) Gastritis

Type C gastritis, also called chemical or reflux gastritis, occurs due to irritation of the stomach lining by bile, alcohol, or certain medications like NSAIDs.
It often develops in the lower part of the stomach and is linked to chronic reflux from the duodenum.
Symptoms include upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a burning sensation.
If untreated, it may cause ulcers or bleeding in the stomach.
Treatment focuses on avoiding irritants, acid-suppressing medications, and lifestyle modifications.

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Type B – H. Pylori Associated Chronic Gastritis

Type B chronic gastritis is caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, usually affecting the lower part of the stomach.
It leads to chronic inflammation, increased acid production, and damage to the stomach lining.
Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and loss of appetite.
If untreated, it may progress to ulcers or even stomach cancer.
Treatment includes antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori and acid-suppressing medications for healing.

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Autoimmune (Type A) Chronic Gastritis

Autoimmune (Type A) chronic gastritis occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the stomach’s parietal cells.
This leads to reduced acid production and vitamin B12 deficiency, causing anemia and fatigue.
It usually affects the upper part of the stomach and progresses slowly.
Common symptoms include indigestion, weakness, and numbness in hands or feet.
Treatment focuses on vitamin B12 supplementation and managing autoimmune activity.

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Chronic Gastritis

Chronic gastritis is a long-term inflammation of the stomach lining that develops gradually over time.
It is commonly caused by H. pylori infection, autoimmune disorders, or prolonged use of NSAIDs and alcohol.
Symptoms include persistent stomach discomfort, bloating, nausea, and loss of appetite.
If untreated, it can lead to ulcers or an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Treatment involves eliminating the cause, dietary modifications, and medications to reduce acid and heal the stomach lining.

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Acute Gastritis

Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the stomach lining, often triggered by infections, alcohol, spicy foods, or certain medications.
It causes sharp upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of fullness.
In severe cases, it may lead to bleeding or ulcers.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy or stool and blood tests.
Treatment focuses on rest, bland diet, antacids, and addressing the underlying cause.

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Gastritis

Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining caused by factors like infection (H. pylori), excessive alcohol use, certain medications, or stress.
It can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term), leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, and stomach pain.
Severe cases may cause ulcers or bleeding in the stomach.
Diagnosis is made through endoscopy, biopsy, or breath tests.
Treatment involves dietary changes, antacids, and antibiotics if infection is present.

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