Thyroid

Thyroid

Graves’ Disease

Thyroid

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism by stimulating the thyroid gland to produce excess hormones.
It commonly affects women and may occur between ages 30 to 50.
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
The exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role.
Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery in severe cases.

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Thyroid

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones.
This leads to an increased metabolism, affecting various organs and bodily functions.
Common symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating.
It can be caused by Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, or inflammation of the thyroid.
Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical removal of the thyroid in severe cases.

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Thyroid

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a mild form of hypothyroidism where thyroid hormone levels are normal, but TSH is elevated.
It often has no obvious symptoms and is usually detected during routine blood tests.
Causes include early thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, or iodine deficiency.
Symptoms, if present, may include fatigue, mild weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Management involves monitoring thyroid function and, in some cases, low-dose thyroid hormone therapy.

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Thyroid

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition present at birth due to an underactive or absent thyroid gland.
It can result from genetic defects, iodine deficiency, or developmental abnormalities of the thyroid.
Early symptoms include prolonged jaundice, poor feeding, lethargy, and delayed growth.
If left untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability and growth retardation.
Early detection through newborn screening and prompt thyroid hormone therapy ensure normal development.

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Thyroid

Tertiary Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Tertiary hypothyroidism occurs due to a dysfunction of the hypothalamus, which fails to produce enough TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone).
This leads to decreased stimulation of the pituitary gland and subsequently low thyroid hormone levels.
It is a rare form of hypothyroidism, often caused by brain injury, tumors, or long-term radiation therapy.
Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, and intolerance to cold.
Treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement and addressing the underlying hypothalamic disorder.

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Thyroid

Secondary Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by a failure of the pituitary gland to secrete adequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
This leads to reduced activity of the thyroid gland and low thyroid hormone levels.
Common causes include pituitary tumors, head trauma, radiation, or certain medications.
Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, depression, and cold intolerance.
Treatment involves managing the pituitary cause and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

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Thyroid

Primary Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Primary hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland itself is unable to produce sufficient thyroid hormones.
It is often caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease), iodine deficiency, or thyroid surgery.
The condition leads to a slowdown in metabolism and affects multiple body systems.
Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and sensitivity to cold.
Treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy and regular thyroid function monitoring.

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Thyroid

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormones.
It slows down body metabolism, affecting various organs and bodily functions.
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, cold intolerance, and depression.
It may result from autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, or thyroid surgery.
Treatment involves lifelong thyroid hormone replacement and regular monitoring of hormone levels.

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