Gynecology

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Miscarriage, also called Spontaneous Abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation.
It can result from genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, uterine problems, infections, or lifestyle factors.
Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramps, back pain, and passing tissue from the uterus.
Risk factors include advanced maternal age, previous miscarriages, chronic illnesses, and smoking or alcohol use.
Treatment involves rest, monitoring, medications, or surgical procedures depending on the severity and cause.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Placenta Previa

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Placenta Previa is a pregnancy condition where the placenta covers the cervix partially or completely.
It often presents in the second or third trimester with painless vaginal bleeding.
Risk factors include multiple pregnancies, prior cesarean deliveries, smoking, and advanced maternal age.
Complications may include severe bleeding, preterm birth, and risks to both mother and baby.
Management involves bed rest, avoiding vaginal exams, hospitalization in severe cases, and cesarean delivery if necessary.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Eclampsia

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Eclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy marked by the onset of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia.
It can occur before, during, or after childbirth and poses serious risks to both mother and baby.
Symptoms include convulsions, loss of consciousness, severe headaches, visual disturbances, and high blood pressure.
Risk factors include untreated preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, obesity, and a history of hypertension.
Treatment requires emergency care with anticonvulsant medications, blood pressure control, and timely delivery of the baby.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Preeclampsia

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage, often involving the liver or kidneys.
It usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressure.
Symptoms include severe headaches, swelling of hands and face, vision problems, and sudden weight gain.
Risk factors include first pregnancies, multiple pregnancies, obesity, diabetes, and family history of hypertension.
Treatment involves close monitoring, medications to control blood pressure, and delivery of the baby if the condition becomes severe.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Ectopic Pregnancy

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Ectopic Pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube.
It cannot develop into a normal pregnancy and poses serious health risks to the mother.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, dizziness, and shoulder pain in severe cases.
Risk factors include pelvic infections, previous ectopic pregnancy, fallopian tube damage, and infertility treatments.
Treatment involves medication (methotrexate) or surgery to remove the ectopic tissue and prevent complications.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Recurrent Miscarriage (Recurrent Pregnancy Loss)

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Recurrent Miscarriage, also called Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses.
It can result from genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, or immune system problems.
Other factors include uncontrolled diabetes, thyroid disorders, clotting disorders, and lifestyle habits.
Symptoms are repeated miscarriages usually before 20 weeks of pregnancy, often with emotional distress.
Treatment depends on the cause and may involve genetic counseling, medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive techniques.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology, Male Health Issues

Infertility

Female Health Issues, Gynecology, Male Health Issues

Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.
It can affect both men and women due to hormonal, structural, genetic, or lifestyle-related causes.
In women, common causes include ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, and uterine conditions.
In men, low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or hormonal imbalance may contribute.
Treatment options include medications, assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, IUI), surgery, and lifestyle modifications.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Atrophic Vaginitis

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Atrophic Vaginitis, also known as Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, is thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls.
It occurs due to decreased estrogen levels, especially after menopause.
Symptoms include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, pain during intercourse, and recurrent urinary infections.
Risk factors include aging, menopause, surgical removal of ovaries, and certain cancer treatments.
Treatment involves estrogen therapy (local or systemic), lubricants, and lifestyle measures to maintain vaginal health.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Vaginitis

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Vaginitis is the inflammation or infection of the vagina, often caused by bacteria, yeast, or parasites.
Common types include Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis (Yeast Infection), and Trichomoniasis.
Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, odor, and pain during intercourse or urination.
Risk factors include poor hygiene, frequent douching, uncontrolled diabetes, and unprotected sex.
Treatment depends on the cause and may involve antibiotics, antifungal medications, or antiparasitic drugs.

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Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Female Health Issues, Gynecology

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of normal vaginal bacteria.
It often occurs when harmful bacteria outgrow protective lactobacilli in the vagina.
Symptoms include thin grayish-white vaginal discharge, strong fishy odor, itching, and burning sensation.
BV is not strictly a sexually transmitted infection but is more common in sexually active women.
Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or clindamycin, and maintaining vaginal hygiene helps prevent recurrence.

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