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Thyroid

Multinodular Goitre (MNG)

Thyroid

Multinodular goitre (MNG) is a condition in which the thyroid gland develops multiple nodules.
It often results from long-standing iodine deficiency or genetic factors.
Symptoms may include visible neck swelling, difficulty swallowing, and, in some cases, hyperthyroidism.
The nodules can be benign, but some may rarely become cancerous.
Treatment depends on the size, symptoms, and thyroid function, and may include observation, medications, or surgery.

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Thyroid

Toxic Goitre (Toxic Nodular or Diffuse Goitre)

Thyroid

Toxic Goitre refers to an enlarged thyroid gland that produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
It can be nodular (with one or more nodules) or diffuse (uniform gland enlargement).
Symptoms include weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, and irritability.
Common causes are Graves’ disease and toxic multinodular goitre.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent cardiac and metabolic complications.

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Thyroid

Simple Goitre (Non-toxic Goitre)

Thyroid

Simple Goitre, also known as Non-toxic Goitre, is an enlargement of the thyroid gland without any change in thyroid hormone levels.
It usually occurs due to iodine deficiency or increased demand for thyroid hormones during puberty or pregnancy.
The swelling is typically visible in the neck and is painless.
Most cases are benign and respond well to dietary iodine correction.
If untreated, the goitre may gradually enlarge and cause cosmetic or compressive symptoms.

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Thyroid

Goitre (Thyroid Enlargement)

Thyroid

Goitre refers to the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located at the front of the neck. It can occur due to iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid diseases, or hormonal imbalance. The swelling may be visible or felt as a lump in the neck. Depending on the cause, thyroid function may be normal, overactive, or underactive. Early evaluation helps prevent complications and ensures proper treatment.

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Thyroid

Thyroid-Induced Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid

Thyroid-induced hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess hormones due to internal thyroid abnormalities.
Common causes include Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma.
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating.
The condition may also cause enlarged thyroid or visible neck swelling.
Treatment involves antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery depending on the underlying cause.

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Thyroid

Toxic Adenoma

Thyroid

Toxic adenoma is a condition where a single nodule in the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones independently.
It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism, particularly in older adults.
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, and heat intolerance.
The nodule may be detected as a palpable lump in the neck or via thyroid imaging.
Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical removal of the adenoma.

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Thyroid

Toxic Multinodular Goiter

Thyroid

Toxic multinodular goiter is a condition where multiple nodules in the thyroid produce excess thyroid hormones.
It often develops in older adults and may follow long-standing goiter.
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, heat intolerance, and anxiety.
The condition can cause an enlarged thyroid, visible neck swelling, or pressure symptoms like difficulty swallowing.
Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical removal of the affected thyroid tissue.

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Thyroid

Graves’ Disease

Thyroid

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism by stimulating the thyroid gland to produce excess hormones.
It commonly affects women and may occur between ages 30 to 50.
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
The exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role.
Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery in severe cases.

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Thyroid

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones.
This leads to an increased metabolism, affecting various organs and bodily functions.
Common symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating.
It can be caused by Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, or inflammation of the thyroid.
Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical removal of the thyroid in severe cases.

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Thyroid

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Thyroid

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a mild form of hypothyroidism where thyroid hormone levels are normal, but TSH is elevated.
It often has no obvious symptoms and is usually detected during routine blood tests.
Causes include early thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, or iodine deficiency.
Symptoms, if present, may include fatigue, mild weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Management involves monitoring thyroid function and, in some cases, low-dose thyroid hormone therapy.

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